Sustainable Food

Science Front and Center at USDA

Published November 02, 2009 @ 06:00AM PT

Change is in the air at the USDA; the agency has taken it upon itself, in the words of President Obama, "to restore science to its rightful place" with the creation of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), according to a USDA press release.

The new Institute, a product of the 2008 farm bill, replaces the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), and is intended, in the words of Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, to "be the Department's extramural research enterprise."

While science should indeed be incorporated back into the fold in all aspects of life, its application to agriculture is a particularly hot-button tonic, as I discussed on Friday. For those concerned with the advancement of the use of genetically modified organisms, the formation of this new Institute should hold kernels of concern.

Vilsack revealed the agenda plainly:

We can build on recent scientific discoveries - incredible advances in sequencing plant and animal genomes, for example. We have new and powerful tools -- biotechnology, nanotechnology, and large-scale computer simulations -- applicable to all types of agriculture.

Vilsack also mentioned, somewhat ominously, that Under Secretary of Research, Education, and Economics Raj Shah, who I previously pointed out was the architect of the Gates Foundation's new GMO-friendly agriculture policy, "has begun an in-depth and systematic analysis of our research programs, their goals, and their outcomes."

Another concerning tidbit is the incorporation of the USDA's Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program under NIFA. While all bureaucratic entities need somewhere to call home, and it is logical that SARE move to NIFA with the rest of the remnants of CSREES, it strikes a strange chord to house a sustainable agriculture program inside an institute focused on applying advanced science to farming practices.

Scientific advancements may well be a piece of the sustainable-ag puzzle, but co-opting SARE under what Vilsack referred to as "a research 'start-up' company" that will focus on "rebuilding our competitive grants program from the ground up to generate real results for the American people," makes one wonder whether all our farmers' age-old but hard-won wisdom about sustainability via organic polyculture methods and holistic land management will be given the credence it deserves.

Photo courtesy of kaibara87 via flickr

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Comments (25)

  1. Mary M

    Why is it "ominous" that a review and systematic analysis of the programs is coming?  Why are you afraid of that data? 

    This is certainly what I voted for.  Science is back!

    Posted by Mary M on 11/02/2009 @ 02:40PM PT

  2. Katherine Gustafson

    Mary, I fully agree that science should given its due in all areas, but considering that applying science to agriculture has the tendency to push foward pro-GM agendas, which the jury is (or should be) still out on, having someone who was the architect of a GM-friendly program reorganizing the Ag Department's research priorities makes me wonder whether we are about to go full steam ahead on GM crops without encough consideration to the panoply of other agricultural solutions on the table. This is why I say it is ominous that Raj Shah is systematically judging the research agenda; it is not a problem that the programs are being evaluated, but that someone who is conspicuously in favor of advancing GM will have control over the Department's scientific agenda.

    Posted by Katherine Gustafson on 11/02/2009 @ 03:53PM PT

  3. Mary M

    So you are suggesting he's dishonest and won't evaluate the data correctly?  Do you have any evidence that he's misused data in the past?

    Posted by Mary M on 11/02/2009 @ 05:06PM PT

  4. Katherine Gustafson

    I don't think it's a matter of evaluating correctly or not correctly; in my view it's a matter of what perspective he will be bringing to his evaluation. He'll be evaluating things that require subjective judgment, such as the goals of the department's programs. And in that context, my point is that that perspective will likely be predisposed to pushing forward an agenda friendly to genetically modified foods, which I would argue we need to only take up carefully, slowly, and incrementally, if at all.

    Posted by Katherine Gustafson on 11/02/2009 @ 06:02PM PT

  5. Mary M

    Huh.  My understanding of his background was that he evaluated situations effectively and delivered good outcomes with his previous projects. 

    ' "He's all business," says Robert Paarlberg of Wellesley College in Massachusetts. "He'll ask the right questions, and he is someone who is scrupulous about evidence." '  It goes on to talk about "rigor" in grant evaluation.  fromhttp://blogs.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/04/usda-nominee-br.html

    Sorry. I just don't think "scrupulous about evidence" or "rigor" is ominous.

    Posted by Mary M on 11/02/2009 @ 07:50PM PT

  6. L.S. hope

    You got it Mary! He'll ask the "RIGHT" questions. The questions and concerns of the average Americans will be pushed aside. This isn't about sustainability, safety, or comprehensive analysis of "subjective data." This is about money.

    How did we manage to evolve for thousands of years without GM food, and the "agrilectuals" input?

    I don't care what any scientific report says, or how it's interpreted, (misinterpreted.) My questions are: who payed for it? Who will make the most money from it? What district or state is presenting it? And will the ENTIRE economy benefit from it?

    If you honestly believe that the government gives a sh!t about food safety, or the effects of detrimental synthetic/organic-GM food, your wrong. The MRL's on produce,(alone,) allowed into this country would substantiate my claim. They're making us eat poison anyway; why not make us eat cyborg food too?

    Mary the people who run the "food world," are the same people that run the world. Why else would the movie industry be in the Ag. business? Paramount Pictures= Paramount Farms. Bayer Pharmaceutical= Bayer Crop Science.

    Here are some links on the MRL's,(Maximum Residue levels,) allowed into our county, as well as links to the huge corporations that run our food world. (Don't B/S yourselves. YOU, have no say on food safety, insecticides, GM food, or anything else Ag.)

    www.bayercropscience.com

    www.paramountfarms.com

    www.epa.gov/oppfead1/international/naftawg/index.html

    www.codexalimentarius.net/download/report/670/al30_39e.pdf

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/04/2009 @ 11:41AM PT

  7. Mary M

    Yes, L.S., it's all a giant conspiracy and Rajiv wants you to die. 

    That's very constructive. 

    Thanks, I'll stick with the science.

    Posted by Mary M on 11/04/2009 @ 05:49PM PT

  8. L.S. hope

    Wow Mary, I think if you had realized who you were talking to, you'd take that comment back. Funny, I never mentioned a conspiracy; just pointed you in the right direction to find some answers. If you want "junk science," to substantiate food safety, then I have some Paraquat I would like you to spray on some weeds for me. (You know? the organophosphate deemed "safe" by our governments "comprehensive analysis.")

    Maybe you work for one of these Ag. giants? Really though, I could care less. Our government is bought and paid for by these people, this I do know. And if you think the small farmers will go down without a fight; think again!

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/04/2009 @ 07:27PM PT

  9. Greg B

    L.S. I see where you are coming from. There is alot of corporate involvement in our food system and there is alot of money to be made. That said, I dont think that that implies that Raj Shah does not care about public food safety. Is there any evidence, maybe of things that he has done in the past, that might support this idea? If there is then he is not the guy for the job. Is there a connection to him and this money? Don't hate just because he is pro-GM.

    I think i can answer your question,

    "How did we manage to evolve for thousands of years without GM food, and the "agrilectuals" input?"

    Simple, we did not farm. It was probably an interesting time too. Then the ice age ended and we domesticated crops. This is when genetic modification of other species started. We are now totally dependent on these GM crops.

    I like how you eagerly site web links and "have a hundred more" but you "don't care what any scientific report says". I do agree that we need to keep scietific research as public as possible though.

    I fail to see the logic in your arguement with MRLs. If the goverment really did not care about our health then there would be no maximum allowed levels. There are. If you are saying that they to high and pose toxicity risks then they should be refined. No body is making you eat anything. If you want you could grow your own food, but its very hard to turn away from the exedingly cheap, available, safe and diverse food made available to us by modern agriculture.

    As for your comment about paraquat yes its tough stuff. Sure is a good thing that now we can control weeds with non-toxic (to us) round-up made possible by GM crops.

    Also, I couldnt get the last two links to work.

    Posted by Greg B on 11/06/2009 @ 02:53PM PT

  10. L.S. hope

    Sorry, they worked when I posted them. Now, I can't even get them to work. (?)

    My argument on the MRL'S, is not, "no pesticides should be used." My argument is: "the food we are allowed to export, must have the lowest amount of pesticide residue, but the food we import, has some of the highest." It is one thing to bankrupt  our small farmers with the unfairness of NAFTA. But, the huge farm corporations also get all the tax breaks, and are able to use outlawed insecticides overseas, then import the products into the U.S. Why? Shouldn't we have the same MRL's on imports as we do on exports?

    My argument on GM food is NOT the argument against GM food. It's the interpretation of the data. I want an "unbiased," "non-government-affiliated party," to interpret what is safe/unsafe. Only then, will I trust the findings. If their is nothing to hide, make it public;(with the exception of trademarked secrets.)

    I know there are insecticides and herbicides that, (even though are approved,) I choose to stay away from. But there are also some I've seen banned, that their benefits have outweighed their risks. (Why?)

     

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/08/2009 @ 01:52PM PT

  11. Reply to thread
  12. L.S. hope

    (P.S.) Mary, 2 of those are government links. Because your so sure of "the comprehensive interpretation of science;" why don't you decipher and explain to rest of us idiots, what the report is about, in my last link? (Oh wait, could it be about MRL'S?)

     I have a hundred more of these links. I have to play this B/S game everyday; don't tell me, I don't know what I'm talking about. (BTW, I detest the Left and the Right equally. So you can save your "Fundie" comments for the Tea-Baggers.)

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/04/2009 @ 07:42PM PT

  13. Mary M

    Yeah, those last two links are powerful summaries of your case, that's for sure.

    Posted by Mary M on 11/06/2009 @ 01:01PM PT

  14. L.S. hope

    Mary, try this one: www.mrldatabase.com

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/08/2009 @ 05:55PM PT

  15. L.S. hope

    Mr. B, other than GM food being safe, or unsafe for consumption, do you think, (economically,) our entire country will benefit from it? Or, will the small conventional and organic farmers be pushed out?

    The way I see it. We have three choices:(1) Keep outlawing insecticides, and manipulating water rights; leaving conventional farmers at natures mercy.(2) Keep NAFTA in place, until the cost to grow in the U.S. exceeds the financial return. (3) Plant only GM crops, that can withstand drought and repel insects, without any insecticide/herbicide application.

    Hmmmm? No matter what way I look at it, the small farmers seem to be the ones that will pay. What is your solution for them? Jump on the GM- bandwagon? Sell their land to the companies that run the world? Keep trying to grow in an unfair market?

     

     

     

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/08/2009 @ 06:43PM PT

  16. Reply to thread
  17. Greg B

    I agree there should be strict MRL, based on publically funded toxilogical studies, on all foods no matter where they came from. There also should be (and is) restrictions of pesticide use with regards to environmental impact of course based on non-biased peer reveiwed scientific research.

    I don't understand "My argument on GM food is NOT the argument against GM food."

    But,i do also agree that all gm crops should be tested by publically funded researchers. Of course the data should guide government regulations.

    So far so good, more money for toxicologists.

    Do I think that we will benifit economically? Well, biotech is a massive industry and involves billions of dollars. The fact that overgrown corporations are destroying the lifes of many lower income bracket people (farmers or not) is not an issue contained in the ag sector. The main force that is pushing farmers to large scale high input farming is the fact that they are trying to grow commodities for global market and not food for a local market.

    These are problems with the market not with GE technologies. GM crops are safe for consumption and have had a positive impact on the environment (do not confuse the impact of GM crops with the industrial ag context you usually find them in).

    If we want to produce safe and reliable food for our growing population with less of an impact on the environment farms are going to have to be a reasonable size, with good management and less inputs. We need to be growing good local food, not global commodities. To accomplish this i believe we will need a massive influx of basic plant bio and plant breeding (GM and "conventional") research. A wide variety of modern crops with pest resistances, environmental stress adaptions, better nutritional content etc. adapted to all the climates we have on this continent (and other) will be needed. This technology needs to get to farmers as fast and as cheaply as possible.

     

    Posted by Greg B on 11/08/2009 @ 09:24PM PT

  18. L.S. hope

    Mr. B, thanks for your response. (To me,) it sounds like you stand to benefit from GM-crops; nothing wrong with that. I just have a lot of reservations about selling-out small farmers. Our Government pays U.S. farmers to have their land lay barren. They pay other countries to grow our food. Our industrial-trade is all but gone and soon, our farmers.

    But, as long as your okay with selling-out this Country............at least you admit it's about money. Again, thank you for this continued conversation. I just wanted the truth. At least your honest.

     

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/09/2009 @ 08:23AM PT

  19. Reply to thread
  20. Greg B

    There are some very big problems with the US subsidy system. It absolutely has to be fixed. The point i am trying to make is that these problems originate from the way the market is set up and NOT the science of GM technologies. They often get lumped together as the same problem, they are different issues.

    "(To me,) it sounds like you stand to benefit from GM-crops; nothing wrong with that. I just have a lot of reservations about selling-out small farmers." I think we all stand to benefit from GM-crops, what we need to do is figure out how to use them best and assure we keep our small farmers.

    For full discloser: I am a grad student being paid by a public grant for biodiversity research. I grew up on a small farm that uses GM crops.

    Posted by Greg B on 11/09/2009 @ 08:51AM PT

  21. Robert Wager

    Everyone interested in sustainable agriculture should read this:

    http://scienceblogs.com/tomorrowstable/2009/11/biotechnology_for_sustainabili.php#more

    Posted by Robert Wager on 11/09/2009 @ 09:10AM PT

  22. L.S. hope

    Mr. Wager, you know my sentiments on GM-food; not what this is about.

    Mr. Greg B. that's a lie. Those companies, plus a couple more, already dominate the global market. They are the ones that buy our politicians and they directly contribute to the unfairness in the market. (Who am I kidding?) they are the market. They set the regulations, standards, and publish the data that goes before our Secretary of Agriculture.

    "assure we keep our small farmers." Does this mean, if they keep their mouths shut, (as they've done in the past,) these companies will make them rich? Or, will they just be the fall-guys, (the people that will take the blame, when the rest of America finds out what is really in their food,) while these corporations transition the U.S. to GM-food?

     

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/09/2009 @ 09:25PM PT

  23. Reply to thread
  24. Greg B

    I have tried to make my points as clearly as possible.

    There are problems with the market in the US. These problems you mention, corruption, etc. are not contained to the agricultural sector. The science behind GM technologies should not be lumped in with these problems. Diamonds can cause wars but you would never blame the geochemical processes that form diamonds for those wars, you blame selfish people and the civilization they are found in.

    If you want non-biased research then advocate for more publically funded science.

    By assure we keep our small farms I mean that we need to reduce the pressure to go large scale high input farming by promoting the growth of local food (not commodities for the world market).

    Doing this with more people and less of an impact on the environment will require extensive breeding and use of all the tools breeders and researcher have available.

    I would have appreiciated if you had read my comments more thoughly to try to understand them and ask for clarification when needed. I feel have addressed your responses in a coherent and in a point by point manner. Seeing that you are clearly stedfast in your position and that I have gained nothing new from this conversation I say good-day.

    Posted by Greg B on 11/09/2009 @ 10:02PM PT

  25. Mark Knudsen

    As a farmer in Iowa, I have planted the change from open pollinated corn, to hybrids, to GM corn. I never realized I was contributing to a conspiracy. (please laugh at this point). We as farmers made a living and I am proud to say we have fed the world.

    I do remember at the peak of the hybrid corn, chemical application era that a flood or heavy rain would move or concentrate the chemicals to the low lands. When the water was up a person could smell the Atrizine and bug chemicals in the water, ground, and air. I am sure the safety of those chemicals were never tested at those concentrations.

    In regard to set aside acres that program is more positive than negative today. I have set aside acres and filter strips. The program takes the land that is "at risk" first. Steep side hills that would experience severe erosion are encouraged to be bid into the program. Filter strips are grass areas along streams that capture silt eroding from the crop acres. As a side note we have native grasses and wild flowers planted on the set aside acres.

    I remember prime farm ground being in set aside years ago.

    Are the GM crops safe?  I don't know.  Government and Big business don't lie but rather operatein half truths. They only acknowledge the half of the truth that supports their conclusion.

    True sustainable foods will be a reality when it looks more like cell phones than the space program. Every one has to grow something every day all the time. It needs to be an extension of ones self, on ones mind all of the time, indespensable to life, and constantly nurtured and attended, like a cell phone. Not an issue remotely observed and a product of science and Government.

    Grow something people.

    Posted by Mark Knudsen on 11/10/2009 @ 06:51AM PT

  26. Greg B

    Mark, I really like your cell phone analogy.

    I've also personnaly noticed improvement in environmental health on my farm after switching to RR beans and corn. Going to a no till rotation leaves cover on the fields all winter, protecting them from errosion and supplying habitat for wild-life. This also means we (and not just my farm but everyone around) could put the really tough chemicals. In the last 15 years since we have started using these crops there has been a huge increase in all type of wild life from frog and rabbits to deer and cyotes.

    Are GM crops safe? I would confidently say that there is no compelling evidence that they are unsafe, either theoretically or expereimentally. These crops have one extra protien in a soup of tens of thousands of protiens.

    Posted by Greg B on 11/10/2009 @ 09:21AM PT

  27. L.S. hope

    Mr. B, I understand what you are saying; shouldn't have said you were lying. I do bring some bias into my argument, (obviously.) Although, it shouldn't be directed toward you.

      I am one county over from the Delta Water Controversy, (California.) Here, farmers and environmentalist, are the equivalent of oil and water. Because our, "California's," Government has created this 200,000 acre dust bowl, taxes in my county went up.  If I sound paranoid, it's because I am.

     The science behind this controversy is "questionable," but has also been interpreted by a bias party. Now, farmers and farm workers stand to lose their land, jobs and lively-hoods. 

    My question is obvious: "How long will it be until they make their way into my county and bankrupt our economy?"

    Mr. Knudsen, here in "The Salad Bowl," it's not a matter of growing something. More so, the methods being used to grow, is what is under attack. 

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/10/2009 @ 10:21AM PT

  28. Mark Knudsen

    L. S. Hope

    I am not familiar with your situation in California. That is one reason I enjoy conversations with people in other parts of the country.

    The methods of Big Business, Big Government do perplex me. Years ago I did see large areas of non irrigated land in Iowa being taken out of production while incentives were being offered in the irrigated areas of Nebraska, Colorado and Arizona. with the shortage of water in these areas and cost of production, it never made any sense to me.

    I do get tired of the paper work people making decisions for the people working the land. All these people draw a paycheck researching and studying how things should be done. At the end of their career they haven't grown a single thing and the study they made a living on, is superseded and replaced by the next person replacing them. This is where my comment came from on "grow something". Nothing creates appreciation better than dirty hands.

    The other point of this is that there are 3 power identities. Big Business, Big Government, and the people. The people can only increase their influence by getting involved.

    You make reference to parties, One party believes Big Government working with Big Business can solve the problems. The other party believes Big Business working with Big Government can solve the problems. I don't see the difference anymore.

    As proof of this look on the Governments web page for Government contracts an individual can bid on. Last time I looked I found 6 totaling a few million dollars out of a trillion dollar budget.

    TARP dollars went to the banks because it is impossible to inject money into individual loans. These loans have been bundled and resold. It would be impossible to reassemble each loan and inject money into it. (We were told this by the last two presidents and Big Business.) Every month people inject money into an individual loan when they make a house payment. Loan the TARP money as a second mortgage to the home owner can put it against their property and keep their house. Offer no principal or interest payments on the second mortgage and that is the stimulus and auto bailout plan.

    My point in showing this is that the people are not being directly involved in the solution.   

    Corn is being turned into fuel. That is why people are starving. We aren't being told the brewers dried grain which is a byproduct of the alcohol process is going to feed people and animals.

    I have been deceived by the parties and Big Business to many times to give either of them exclusively Horns or Halos.

    Fortunately we still have the third choice of the people. 

    That is a tough one when work is leaving an agricultural area. In the rural areas of Iowa we have had a .5% annual decline in population for over 40 years. I would guess that only 1 out of 10 farms are left in the rural areas today.  

    Posted by Mark Knudsen on 11/10/2009 @ 12:01PM PT

  29. L.S. hope

    Your right. Unlike your state, mine has a few too many people. The problem is, getting them all to agree. I often wonder, if people ever consider the lives being impacted on the other end of the laws they pass. My state, at one time, could feed the entire U.S. Now, The Progressives-impact, is almost unbearable. Preservation takes president over humanity, as I watch the urban sprawl drift into the hills that once fed deer. Yet, the farmers are the ones they blame. (Hmmm?) You think if someone loved this state so much, they would do it a favor and relocate. (But that's just me being bias again.) Really, California is a lost cause. 

    Mr. Wager and Mr. B, there is one thing I find solace in. These people oppose GM-crops, just as much as they oppose conventional farm methods. While we're under attack from invasive pest, they are outlawing any and every insecticide, used to control them. (Mr. Wager, especially, should be smiling right now.) I may not be knowledgeable on GM-food, but I know insects. So unless GM-crops are implemented, or they call off the insecticide bans..........They will reap what they've sewn.  

    Thanks you guys. I feel I've accomplished nothing with this debate, but it's been fun.

    Posted by L.S. hope on 11/10/2009 @ 09:38PM PT

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Katherine Gustafson

Katherine Gustafson is a freelance writer and editor with a background in international nonprofit organizations. Her articles, essays, and stories have been published in numerous magazines, newspapers, books, and Websites.

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